Abstract
Analytical model of spatial four-guide coupler is presented by utilizing Marcatili's principle, where the spatial four-guide coupler can be described by two perpendicular five-layer slab waveguides. The common expressions to calculate the effective indices and the mode field distributions are shown in this paper. Introducing perturbation corrections to take the effect of the distinct regions into account, more accurate results can be obtained. The effective refractive indices and coupling lengths of specific examples are investigated to verify the feasibility of the analytical model by comparing with the numerical approaches such as finite difference (FD) numerical calculation and beam propagation method (BPM).
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