Abstract
An extended classical time allocation model with travel time reliability constraint is proposed in this study. The valuation function of travel time savings is deduced, and the relationship between the value of travel time savings and other social environment variables, especially the waiting time and service level, is revealed. Meanwhile, the change of the value of travel time savings with the waiting time and the service level is investigated through a comparative static analysis method. Analytical results show that the change of the value of travel time savings with the service level is dependent on the inverse of the cumulative distribution function. By contrast, the value of travel time savings tends to decrease with the increase in waiting time. The findings further imply that adopting the optimal head start can relieve the waiting time of urban commuters, thereby minimizing their generalized travel cost. Moreover, the values of service headway and reliability are analyzed, which can improve the quality of service toward either frequency or reliability improvements to reduce the cost for the society.
Highlights
With the development of road transportation, traffic congestion will be increasingly serious
The analytical results imply that the relationship between the value of service reliability and various model parameters is complex in the general case, transit operators should control the waiting time though the change in headway
An extended time allocation model considering the effects of service level, waiting time, and departure time is proposed, and a budget time reliability constraint condition is constructed in this study
Summary
With the development of road transportation, traffic congestion will be increasingly serious. Service level and waiting time are two important factors that affect the travel choice behavior of travelers. Jiang and Morikawa [15] proposed a time allocation model for the general case of travel behavior and explored the relationships between the value of travel time savings and the travel time, travel cost, and income through the comparative static analysis method. Considering the importance of the value of travel time savings in transport project appraisals, its theory frameworks have been widely applied in practical empirical studies. Considerable research has investigated the effects of different variables on the value of travel time savings by using various discrete choice models, studies on the change of travel time savings considering different variables from the view of theoretical analysis remain a popular topic today, whereas extending the time allocation model will still be the research focus in the future.
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