Abstract
AbstractThe Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) specifies the Ct (disinfectant concentration×time) calculation as the means by which disinfection efficacy, and therefore compliance, is determined. Baffle factors are used to scale the theoretical residence time of the water in a vessel to obtain the amount of time used for the Ct calculation. The baffle factor formulation has been left to guidance and has been a topic of discussion. In this work, an extended baffle factor formulation is developed using disinfection contact system performance models that incorporate the methods imposed by and built into the SWTR. The performance models are based on chemical reactor analyses that have been validated extensively in the literature. A comparison made between the extended baffle factor formulation and methods that use hydraulic considerations alone shows that failing to account for the entire residence time distribution and disinfection kinetics can lead to significant errors. The result of this work is a baffle...
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