Abstract
The definition of antioxidants (AOs), their classification and properties as well as electrochemical sensor systems for AOs analysis are briefly discussed. The analytical capabilities of coulometric titration with electrogenerated titrants as sensor systems for AOs determination have been considered in detail. The attention focused on the individual AO quantification that was mainly used in the pharmaceutical analysis and estimation of total antioxidant parameters (total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing power (FRP) and ceric reducing/antioxidant capacity (CRAC)) allowing the fast screening of the target samples including their quality control. The main advantages of coulometric sensor systems are pointed out. The selective quantification of individual AO in a complex matrix using a combination of chromatography with coulometric or coulometric array detection under potentiostatic mode is discussed. The future development of coulometric sensor systems for AOs analysis is focused on the application of novel coulometric titrants and the application of coulometric detection in flow injection analysis.
Highlights
The total antioxidant parameters can be used for the characterization of the sample as a whole
The total antioxidant parameters to be evaluated using coulometric sensor systems are the total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing power (FRP), and ceric reducing/antioxidant capacity (CRAC) based on the reactions of the AOs contained in the sample with coulometric titrants (the electrogenerated bromine, hexacyanoferrate(III) ions and Ce(IV), respectively)
The combination of high-performance liquid chromatography with coulometric detection (HPLC-CD) is one of the ways to improve the selectivity of AOs quantification in the samples of complex matrix
Summary
Antioxidants (AOs) are among the attractive and important substances under investigation in the life sciences. The term was modified by the same authors as “any substance that delays, prevents or removes oxidative damage to a target molecule” [1]. The applicability of the term depends on the conditions under which an AO acts, in particular, in vitro or in vivo In this context, the detailed description of the reactions and conditions of the antioxidant effect evaluation becomes a basic factor. The most common and effective AOs are tocopherols (vitamin E), carotenoids, ascorbic acid, wide range of natural and synthetic phenolic compounds (eugenol and its derivatives, gallic acid and its derivatives, hydroxybenzoic and hydroxycinnamic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, substituted hydroxybenzenes), sulfur-containing amino acids (cysteine, methionine, lipoic acid) and tripeptide glutathione, biogenic amines, some steroid hormones, phospholipids and blood proteins [5].
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