Abstract
This research is an attempt for pictorial study and semantic analysis of the symbols of the tree of life and goat in Jiroft that is organized by citing pictorial samples and considering mythical beliefs. An extensive pattern of the symbol of the tree of life had its most presence alongside the symbol of the goat throughout history and studying the statistical population of this research, the vessels of Jiroft, we can see the continuity in following the common themes in their creation. This study, in terms of the nature and method, is descriptive-analytical and it tried to perform, logically and historically, an analytical and semantic survey of the mentioned patterns. The results of studied samples indicate that life-giving force, eternal life, desire for heaven, blessing and fertility are the most important concepts of semantics and are of the logical reasons of the connection between these two in Jiroft. Presenting two goats around the tree can be a symbol of the earth, giving birth, winter, agility and a symbol of fertility. Also, the tree of life in Jiroft is taken from the archetype pattern of the cosmic tree, that in terms of public, it had been sanctified and honored as a ritualistic value and with presenting a goat next to it, will contain supernatural semantic connotations. Even though all existing motifs of goats and tree on these works do not seem symbolic, the study of two-way communication between the mentioned symbols helps us greatly to understand their singular nature.
Highlights
In the history of ancient Iran, trees and animals were always considered as symbols of nature, and especially trees were considered as a medium between man and divinity
The graver, in recreating the motifs of the tree of life and goat and creating an atmosphere, was able to create a combination that unlike other pictorial samples of Jiroft, there is no trace of pitched battle between daeva-like and the animals and violence in it
By studying semantic motifs of the tree of life and Goat in some ancient civilizations and Jiroft, discovering the latent concepts and cultural backgrounds, it can be said that the life-giving force, eternal life, desire for heaven, blessing and fertility are of the most important semantic concepts and of the reasons of connection between these two symbols; there is no doubt that we can say, the continuation of esoteric concepts and evidence on the connection between these mentioned symbols in Jiroft are directly connected to these symbols throughout history
Summary
In the history of ancient Iran, trees and animals were always considered as symbols of nature, and especially trees were considered as a medium between man and divinity. To understand the reasons of this symbolizations and their transferring to other cultures, rooting and studying these motifs in other cultures seem essential. Because of this reason, it may be possible that by considering the contribution in using the concepts of similar motifs of tree of life and goat in other civilizations, the thoughts of these artists can be commonly rooted. Mentioned motifs have symbolic meanings and show the high level of artistic skill and the imagination of the creators It seems that there is a certain ideological purpose in this type of pictorial processing in which in addition to the semantic concepts, shows a belief system rooted in the past and related to the traditions of the period
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