Analytic Reviews : Rapid Tranquilization of the Agitated Intensive Care Unit Patient

Abstract

Agitation in intensive care unit patients is a problem that is often ignored or undertreated. The presence of agita tion warrants a thorough investigation for underlying causes (e.g., metabolic and systemic abnormalities, drug intoxication or withdrawal, hypoxia, and pain) so that the precipitating disturbances can be identified and cor rected. When these conservative measures fail to con trol a patient's agitation, it may be necessary to resort to mechanical restraint and sedating medication. The au thors present guidelines for the pharmacological man agement of agitation and the risks and benefits associ ated with the use of specific agents.