Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Environmental Screening of Solar Photovoltaic Utilities in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

Abstract

Large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSSPV) farming activities have increased the global popularity of solar energy installations as one of the highest absolute generation growth rates of all renewable technologies. With higher gas and coal prices and rising carbon prices, have resulted in higher electricity prices, making distributed PV as an increasingly appealing alternative for consumers driving investment. However, due to a lack of suitable sites and environmental conditions, building large-scale installations is becoming increasingly challenging. There is a debate among many stakeholders and experts about the actual environmental benefits and consequences altered by this farming, which could have negative effects on both natural and anthropogenic settings. Hence, this paper focuses on the Environmental Impact Screening (EIS) by employing the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) as part of the Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) in examining the environmental impact arising from a LSSPV project in Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. The methodology for this study was conducted by evaluating results from in-depth interviews with relevant stakeholders, including expert input from academicians, solar consultants, relevant local authorities, etc. This investigation proposed a multicriteria approach to conveying the main environmental aspects of the LSSPV project and assessing the magnitude of impact and significance generated by it. Large projects necessitate an evaluation to ensure that potential problems are identified and addressed early in the planning and design phases. This study had considered the environmental and chemical (EC) impacts, as well as occupational safety (OSH) and economic impact (EI). The data is then analyzed with AHP to determine the final component rankings. The final model provides a structured approach that incorporates detailed criteria that reflect the direct and indirect impacts arising from this LSSPV project, and it is intended to provide assessment magnitude and estimate scenarios based on different stakeholder perspectives in directing for a better decision. According to the study’s findings, sufficient environmental mitigation steps have been implemented prior to project completion to mitigate and gauge all potential environmental degradation.