Abstract
Analytic expressions of effective optical retardation and direction of the effective optic axis of biaxial plates for obliquely incident light are derived for small birefringence. The expressions are applied to optimize the birefringence of compensation films for liquid crystal displays with vertical surface alignment. Birefringence values of the compensation films are obtained in analytical form for a given retardation of the liquid crystal layer. Numerical calculations with the Berreman method confirm that compensation films with the birefringence calculated by the analytical expressions suppress light leakage at the black state much more than conventional compensation films with normal dispersion in wavelength.
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