Abstract
Subsurface drip irrigation is one of the most efficient systems for management of water. This study is aimed to analysis the wetted area for subsurface drip irrigation system. Several models are developed for predicting the wetted widths and the wetted depths which are very important for designing an optimal irrigation system. HYDRUS/2D is used for predicting the dimensions of wetting patterns numerically by using the two dimensional transient flow of water from a subsurface drip irrigation through sandy loam and loamy sand soils. The wetting patterns from a subsurface drip source are simulated by using the system of United States Department of Agriculture, USDA, the wetting patterns are simulated at different values of applied heads, different diameters of drip, and different values of initial volumetric soil water contents which selected as initial conditions. In this work, greater spreading occurs in loamy sand than sandy loam in vertical and horizontal directions. Moreover, the results showed that the empirical formulas which can be used for estimating the wetting dimensions of wetted width and wetted depth in terms of initial volumetric soil water contents, applied heads, diameters of the drip and times of operation, are good with an average relative error not exceed 3%, so it can be used to assist the designers in irrigation field.
Highlights
Subsurface drip irrigation is an efficient system by applying a specific volume of water
Assouline (3). studied the effect of conventional drip and micro drip irrigation on water distribution and uptake. He used Hydrus/2D in the numerical simulation and found that irrigation with micro drip led to the smallest wetting volume with the least gradient of water contents in vertical and horizontal axes
The results were compared with laboratory experiments; so they found that HYDRUS/2D can be used successfully for simulating
Summary
Subsurface drip irrigation is an efficient system by applying a specific volume of water. Conducted experiments on clay pipes to investigate the soil wetting patterns under this type of irrigation on various soil textures, with different heads of 25, 50, 100 and 200 cm, operated for 5 days They used HYDRUS/ 2D for simulation and they found that with increasing the applied heads of the system, the size of the wetted width and depth are increase. The simulated result was in a good agreement with the observed data obtained from the experiment They concluded that the mulch can increase the water content of the root zone but has little effects on the distribution of soil water. Developed empirical formulas in three approaches by using buried vertical ceramic pipes through different soils for the system of texture classification namely as -USDA-United States Department of Agriculture, with different conditions These conditions include times of operation, hydraulic conductivities of the ceramic pipe, applied heads, lengths of pipes and initial volumetric soil water contents. The main aims of this work are to predict the distribution of soil water content through sandy loam and loamy sand soils, and to find an empirical formula for the wetted zone as a function of applied head, diameter of drip, initial soil water content and operating time
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