Abstract
Modern tunnel design mandates the careful selection of appropriate techniques and technologies for all tunnel projects. The pivotal factor for success in tunnel construction lies in choosing the right excavation methods for extensive-span tunnel projects in soft soil materials. The choice of excavation methods during tunnel construction significantly impacts both the project timeline and associated costs. This study specifically concentrates on the selection of excavation techniques, sequencing, and temporary supports employed during the excavation phase for tunnels located in soft soil environments. Given the considerable diameter of the tunnel, exceeding 200 m2, and the presence of soft soil, traditional methods like the Full-face method and the Central Diaphragm (CD) and Side wall Drift (SD) approach are not feasible. Therefore, this study suggests the application of a Sequential Excavation Method (SEM) for the tunnel construction.
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