Abstract
In recent years, there has been great interest in using hybrid spread-spectrum (HSS) techniques for commercial applications, particularly in the Smart Grid, in addition to their inherent uses in military communications. This is because HSS can accommodate high data rates with high link integrity, even in the presence of significant multipath effects and interfering signals. A highly useful form of this transmission technique for many types of command, control, and sensing applications is the specific code-related combination of standard direct sequence modulation with ‘fast’ frequency hopping, denoted hybrid DS/FFH, wherein multiple frequency hops occur within a single data-bit time. In this paper, error-probability analyses are performed for a hybrid DS/FFH system over standard Gaussian and fading-type channels, progressively including the effects from wide- and partial-band jamming, multi-user interference, and varying degrees of Rayleigh and Rician fading. In addition, an optimization approach is formulated that minimizes the bit-error performance of a hybrid DS/FFH communication system and solves for the resulting system design parameters. The optimization objective function is non-convex and can be solved by applying the Karush-Kuhn-Tucker conditions. We also present our efforts toward exploring the design, implementation, and evaluation of a hybrid DS/FFH radio transceiver using a single field-programmable gate array (FPGA). Numerical and experimental results are presented under widely varying design parameters to demonstrate the adaptability of the waveform for varied harsh smart grid RF signal environments.
Highlights
Hybrid spread-spectrum (HSS) systems, which combine direct-sequence (DS) and frequency-hopping (FH) spreadspectrum (SS) techniques, are attractive for their strong multiple-access capabilities, resistance to multipath fading and intentional/unintentional jamming, and the security they provide against eavesdroppers [1,2,3,4,5,6]
We derived the average bit- error rate (BER) for a hybrid direct-sequence/fast frequency hopping (DS/FFH) system that includes the effects from wide- and partial-band jamming, multi-user interference, and/or varying degrees of Rician fading
Numerical results exploring the parameter space of the HSS system have been presented to demonstrate its effectiveness under different conditions and scenarios
Summary
Hybrid spread-spectrum (HSS) systems, which combine direct-sequence (DS) and frequency-hopping (FH) spreadspectrum (SS) techniques, are attractive for their strong multiple-access capabilities, resistance to multipath fading and intentional/unintentional jamming, and the security they provide against eavesdroppers [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Olama et al EURASIP Journal on Advances in Signal Processing (2015) 2015:25 physical (PHY) layer of the network [5]; details of these techniques will be addressed in future works This specific paper will focus on implementation, exploration, and optimization of the parameter space of the HSS system for adapting the technique for application-level requirements in Smart Grid. [4] and [14] computed the error probability of DS/SFH under jamming tones in both AWGN and Rician fading channels, only a single user was considered. Error-probability analyses are performed for a hybrid DS/FFH system over standard Gaussian and fading-type channels, progressively including the effects from wide- and partial-band jamming, multi-user interference, and varying degrees of Rayleigh and Rician multipath fading. An optimization approach is formulated that minimizes the average bit-error probability of a hybrid DS/FFH communication system and solves for the system design parameters that achieve an optimal performance level. The conditional error probabilities for each case of jamming over Rician fading channels are discussed
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
