Abstract
Electromagnetic field exposure levels of people living in the closest houses to the GSM transmitting antennas were investigated in a city between 2010 and 2012. At the end of 3-year period, trend of the electromagnetic exposure levels was determined especially for indoor/outdoor environments near the base station antennas. Because of increasing number of base stations by years and changing of the technology, it is determined that average electromagnetic exposure values in the city increased in a certain extent each year. Total and frequency selective measurements were performed in indoor/outdoor places. The results were compared by International ICNIRP limits. In addition, possibility of the compliance with some European countries which have applied low limit values are discussed to minimize involuntary exposure to electromagnetic fields at indoor/outdoor environments. Consequently, a suggestion is made and discussed for obtaining relatively homogeneous distribution of electromagnetic field exposure at indoor/outdoor environments near base station antennas to eliminate extent values.
Highlights
1, 2, 4Institute of Ecology andSEubamrthittSedci1en8cNeso,vF. 2a0cu13lt;yaoccfeSpcteiedn0c7e Jaunld. 2T0e1c4hnology, University of Tartu, Anabsstwrearce3t.,i8EnIvlneecsstttriigotuamtteaedgoninfetMiac cfiiicteyrldobbeeixtowploeo4esg6unyrV2ea0aln1env0deemalBsnuidooifst2pee0ec1soh2tpn.rl.oAe, ltl5oitv1ghi0yne,1ge4UnindnTtiaohvfreet3rucs-l,yioteEsyaerssottpofhenoLriiuaoasdtev,sitatroe,nt4hdeKoGfrotShMnevaetrlleadcnatsrmobmlivttadign.n,geatincteenx-pinocsrueraesilneg4v,en5ls,u6mwInabssetrditeoutfetbremasoienfseFtdaoteioosdpnesScbiaayflleyyetyafo,rsrAainnnddiLmoVcoahr-al/1no5Hug8itend6agolRotohrfigetaahnne,vditLreoEcanhtnmvnvioeailnrootgsnynm, eiteanristtdh(eeBtebIraOmseiRnse)tad,tit3ohnaLtaeanjvtueeprnaengsaess.etlBre.ec,ctraoumseago-f netic exposure values in the city increased in aLcVer-t1a0in76exRteingtae,aLchatyveiaar
The measurement values for all points and levels according to the limits are given graphically
The total electromagnetic exposure with GSM band frequencies quotients due to all GSM signals frequencies with 900/1800/2100 MHz measured ranged from 0.3% to 27% of the ICNIRP reference levels for exposure of the general public(for 900 MHz)
Summary
Safety requirements for limiting exposure to time varying electric and magnetic fields are enforced by regulations. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management, 2015, 23(1): 71–81 and 61 V/m depending on the operating frequency Some countries such as Switzerland, Italy and Poland have applied lower limits in sensitive areas from ICNIRP levels. The regulations for GSM frequency range have been generated with reference to the ICNIRP regulations by BTK (Information and Communication Technologies Authority) in Turkey. Maximum permissible exposure limits for single GSM and total environment at GSM frequencies presented in BTK guidelines are given in Table 1 and 2. Single GSM exposure limit for electric field is 1/4 of total GSM exposure limit of BTK and ICNIRP reference level. As. 0.1 it can be seen from the table that the total limit levels of Turkey for electric field is seven-eight times greater than other countries and at least 50 times greater for power density
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