Abstract
The occurrence and spread of fire often result from the flammables in interior decoration materials, which mostly contain fireproof foam to avoid fire damage. In this study, the foams with reportedly fire resistance, such as general foam, PU foam, melamine foam, and rubber foam, are compared via thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) analysis to build a thermal parameter database of decoration materials of fireproof foams and provide green building materials, technologies, and fire preventive measures to the industry or consumers.
Highlights
In recent years, many major nightclub fire accidents occurred internationally, such as Taiwan Taichung Municipal ALA Pub fire on March 11, 2011; dancer’s performance caused a fire; the fireworks let off on the stage caused a fire on the foam above the stage, 9 died and more than 12 injured [1]
For decorative materials fixed on ceilings, walls, and floors, such as artificial boards, furniture, and cabinets, the “CNS 14705 testing method for combustion heat release rate of construction materials—cone calorimeter method”— is used domestically as the basis for classification of flammability of aforementioned materials, while for flame resistance of carpets, window curtains, cloth curtains, advertisement display board, and other items specified in Item 1, Article 11 of Fire Control Law, the “testing basis of flame resistance,” is used as the determination criteria for flame resistance
In response to the international trend, the Bureau of Standards, Metrology and Inspection, by referring to ISO 5660, announces the purpose of “CNS 14705 testing method for combustion heat release rate of construction materials—cone calorimeter method,” which is widely used to explore the combustion performance of materials in the fully developed stage, where the heat release rate and total heat release are used to evaluate the fireproof performance of materials, and the smoke density, carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide concentrations are used as the references of smokiness and toxicity
Summary
Many major nightclub fire accidents occurred internationally, such as Taiwan Taichung Municipal ALA Pub fire on March 11, 2011; dancer’s performance caused a fire; the fireworks let off on the stage caused a fire on the foam above the stage, 9 died and more than 12 injured [1]. For decorative materials fixed on ceilings, walls, and floors, such as artificial boards, furniture, and cabinets, the “CNS 14705 testing method for combustion heat release rate of construction materials—cone calorimeter method”— is used domestically as the basis for classification of flammability of aforementioned materials, while for flame resistance of carpets, window curtains, cloth curtains, advertisement display board, and other items specified in Item 1, Article 11 of Fire Control Law, the “testing basis of flame resistance,” is used as the determination criteria for flame resistance. For adhesive and other nonfixed interior decoration materials, such as acoustic insulating foam, wall paper, and wall covering, no associated regulations or material testing standards are available at present, leaving a loophole in fire prevention and safety management on nonfixed interior decoration materials. The current CNS 14705 method is applicable for the classification and combustion test of flame resistant materials; as for nonflame resistant building materials, such as foam decoration materials and double-sided plastic tapes, due to fast burning, surface irregularities, and other factors, it is unable to meet burning time, specimen size, and other test conditions, and it is impossible to measure the associated combustion parameters
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