Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the deadliest cancer diseases with a relatively high mortality rate. The higher mortality rate of pancreatic cancer is normally a result of late diagnosis. Early diagnosis and detection are quintessential to the survival of pancreatic cancer patients. However, diagnosis of pancreatic cancer at early stages is extremely challenging and difficult by the use of available biomarkers and serological markers. Sometimes this could be due to the fact that pancreatic cancer might not be responsible for signs and symptoms and consequently, the patients could ignore and might not seek medical attention until cancer develops and spreads to other surrounding organs. This late diagnosis of cancer in advanced stages is usually the major cause of a negative prognosis. This paper seeks to critically analyze the treatment on the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer and the advancements of diagnostic tools and therapies. The conclusion of this paper is that advances in biomarkers for early diagnosis can greatly help patients with pancreatic cancer. In particular, the marker CA19-9, due to its high level of expression in human malignant, benign reactive and metaplastic pancreatic ducts, plays a very important role in the early diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatic cancer.
Highlights
IntroductionPancreatic cancer has a relatively high mortality rate but with a low rate of incidence
Pancreatic cancer has a relatively high mortality rate but with a low rate of incidence. It is among the leading causes of cancer deaths in the world especially if early detection, diagnosis as well as treatment is not appropriately done [8]
This paper critically focuses on the pathological basis of pancreatic cancer and its present diagnostic approaches
Summary
Pancreatic cancer has a relatively high mortality rate but with a low rate of incidence. It is among the leading causes of cancer deaths in the world especially if early detection, diagnosis as well as treatment is not appropriately done [8]. Research concerning the timeline development of pancreatic cancer reveals that cancer could either be imperceptible or fully resectable This implies that pancreatic cancer can be resectable approximately six months before diagnosis. The slower rate of development of pancreatic cancer together with the improved therapeutic and treatment response of patients who have early-stage pancreatic cancer signifies that early detection and efficient and accurate diagnostic markers could have positive significant impacts on the patients’ results or outcomes. In the analysis of the treatment of early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer, advancements of investigation methods and diagnostic tools are very essential
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