Abstract
Two lineages of Rhipicephalus sanguineus are known in Brazil: the temperate or southern and the tropical or northern populations. The distribution patterns of both lineages of R. sanguineus have epidemiological implications that can affect vectorial competence concerning Ehrlichia canis, the agent of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis. Intending to identify the microbiomes of both lineages and compare microorganisms in R. sanguineus, we used the 16S rRNA (V4-V5 region) gene-based metataxonomic approach, through NGS sequencing on the MiSeq Illumina platform. We selected specimens of females from the environment and samples of primary embryonic cell cultures, from both lineages, and this was the first study to investigate the prokaryotic microbiome in tick cell cultures. The results showed that many bacterial taxa detected in the samples were typical members of the host environment. A significant diversity of microorganisms in R. sanguineus females and in embryonic cell cultures from both lineages was found, with emphasis on the presence of Coxiella in all samples, albeit in different proportions. The Coxiella species present in the two lineages of ticks may be different and may have co-evolved with them, thus driving different patterns of interactions between ticks and the pathogens that they can harbor or transmit to vertebrate hosts.
Highlights
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most important species of ticks in Brazil and is considered to have major medical and veterinary significance (Dantas-Torres et al, 2012)
Both of them can be found in Brazil, where the tropical lineage occurs in 15 Brazilian states, and the temperate lineage in at least two Brazilian states (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) (Caetano et al, 2017)
Does the female microbiome maintain itself in in vitro egg cultivation? if there is a microbiome inside tick cell cultures, could it influence crucial parameters, such as growth? At this point, this study aimed to investigate the prokaryotic microbiome of the tropical and temperate lineages of R. sanguineus, using the gene 16S rRNA (V4-V5 region)
Summary
Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.) is one of the most important species of ticks in Brazil and is considered to have major medical and veterinary significance (Dantas-Torres et al, 2012). It is well accepted today that two R. sanguineus lineages exist: a temperate population (southern lineage), which corresponds to R. sanguineus sensu stricto (s.s.) (Nava et al, 2018); and a tropical population (northern lineage) (Nava et al, 2012; Dantas-Torres & Otranto, 2015) Both of them can be found in Brazil, where the tropical lineage occurs in 15 Brazilian states, and the temperate lineage in at least two Brazilian states (Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul) (Caetano et al, 2017). The tropical lineage is distributed in regions of Argentina, Paraguay, Brazil, Colombia, South Africa and Mozambique (Nava et al, 2012)
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