Abstract
This paper briefly introduces the progress of evaporative emission standards for light-duty vehicles in developed countries such as the United States and Europe, and the test procedures specified in the latest evaporative emission standard were concluded. Moreover, the development of evaporative emission standards for light-duty vehicles in China was comparatively analyzed. The evaporative emission test data from 2004 to 2019 was randomly selected for analysis of the trend of evaporative emission performance of vehicles in China with the use of EPR. Affected by the more stringent China 6 Evaporative Emissions standards issued in 2016, the EPR value of the evaporative emission test conducted according to the China 5 had continuously decreased to 41% in 2018. Subsequently, the EPR value increased again to a value of 60% in 2018 and 2019 due to strengthen of the emission limit from 2g to 0.7g and the raise of deterioration factor. Finally, based on the world's latest evaporative emission standards, the development trend of evaporative emission standards for light-duty vehicles in China is forecasted. The application of canister bench aging test, BETP, running loss emission test, and a test cycle with Chinese characteristics may be more conducive to control the light-duty vehicle emissions. Compared with the LEV 3, the evaporative emission limit of 0.7g/test specified in China 6 is still relatively larger. In addition, strengthen the control of durability test and in-use emission performance test would makes the HC emission less during the actual operation of the vehicle.
Highlights
A report from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China showed that the automobile hydrocarbon (HC) emission in China was 3.267 million tons in 2018[1], and HC is one of the main pollutants emitted by light vehicles
The main component of evaporative emissions is HC, accounting for about 20% of total HC emissions from vehicles[3].In China, a vehicle could produce 8.2 kg of evaporative volatile organic compounds (VOCs) each year, which is researched by the Manufacturers of Emission Controls
With the further strengthened emission standards, the strict extent of the China 6 evaporative emission limit has exceeded that of Europe, and it is closer to the US emission standard which is regarded as the most stringent emissions standards in the world
Summary
A report from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People’s Republic of China showed that the automobile hydrocarbon (HC) emission in China was 3.267 million tons in 2018[1], and HC is one of the main pollutants emitted by light vehicles. The main component of evaporative emissions is HC, accounting for about 20% of total HC emissions from vehicles[3].In China, a vehicle could produce 8.2 kg of evaporative volatile organic compounds (VOCs) each year, which is researched by the Manufacturers of Emission Controls. Yamada et al.[5] estimated that a gasoline vehicle may produce approximately 443g evaporative emissions each year, and gasoline evaporative evaporation from vehicles was the sixth-highest source of VOCs in Japan[6]. The China 6 evaporative emission standard learned from the US emission standards, and the refueling emission test was added in. The progress of evaporative emission standards for light-duty vehicle in China was analyzed, and the development process and latest test procedure of European and American evaporative emission standards were briefly summarized in this paper. A reference for the formulation of more stringent evaporative emission standards in the future can be provided through the statistical analysis of evaporative emission test data from 2014 to 2019
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