Abstract

중국의 35개 상장물류기업들은 2015∼2020년의 5년간 효율성이 매우 빠르게 증가하였다. 중국 정부의 물류산업 중장기발전계획을 비롯한 다양한 지원정책들이 효과를 나타내고 있음을 시사한다. 하지만 중국 물류기업들의 효율성 증가는 일부 기업들의 매우 빠른 성장에 기인하고 기업별로 편차가 크다. 기업들의 흥망성쇠도 비교적 빈번할 뿐만 아니라 규모에 대한 효율성도 최근까지크게 개선되지 않고 있다. 총요소생산성지수(TFPI)로 산정한 생산성 역시 5년간 매우 빠르게 상승하였는데, 기술변화지수(TCI)와변화 양상이 매우 유사하였다. 반면 기술적효율성변화지수(TEI)는 같은 기간에 거의 변동이 없었다. 결국, 중국 상장물류기업의 총요소생산성은 내부적인 생산요소의 효율적 결합에 의한 효율화보다는 외부환경 요인으로서 기술 변화가 주도한 것으로 판단된다.This paper analyzes the efficiency and productivity of the leading 35 logistics companies in China from 2015 to 2020 based on the DEA Model and Malmquist Index Method. We use assets, capital, and operating cost of the 35 logistics companies as input variables, while operating revenue, net profit, earning per share, and inventory turnover rate as output ones. In this analysis, we find that China’s leading logistics companies have increased operational efficiency measured by DEA methodology very fast, while the increase was led by a few companies. Furthermore the disparity of increasing rate between them was very big, and the companies have often risen and fallen. The increase in total factor productivity index (TFPI) of the companies during the same period has also been very fast and parallel with that of the Technical Change Index (TCI) whereas the technical Efficiency Change Index (TEI) has little changed, which implies that the productivity increase has been driven not by the endeavor of the companies to combine production factors more efficiently but by the technology change external to the companies.

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