Abstract
The compositions of plaster, pigments, and binding medium were identified using micro-Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray, and gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer. The results show that the plaster was calcium carbonate; the red color was ascribed to hematite; the blue pigment was ultramarine; the black pigment was carbon; and the yellow pigment was litharge. Animal glue as the binding medium was mixed in the pigments. Dissolved salt (mirabilite) was confirmed on the tomb passage. The mural detachment was detected with portable infrared thermal imager, and this damage resulted from the soil layer. This will serve as the basis for repairing the murals and reliable methods for identifying ancient murals.
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