Analysis on hazard perception ability of drivers in plateau areas: by different elevations

Abstract

The low-pressure and low-oxygen environment of plateaus results in a greater workload for drivers, which contributes to the serious road safety situation in plateau areas in China. This study conducted four hazard perception experiments in Nanjing (50 m above sea level (asl)), Nyingchi (2995 m asl), Lhasa (3650 m asl), Nagqu (4460 m asl), and Yanghu Scenic Spot (4998 m asl) using UC-WIN/ROAD driving simulation software. A total of 31 drivers (23 males, 8 females) were recruited in this study, with a mean age of 28.0 years old and mean driving experience of 6.5 years. A bivariate correlation test was adopted to analyze the impacts of the elevation, age, acclimation period, gender, and driving experience on the perception–reaction time. Then, the drivers were divided into three groups (Good, Medium, and Poor) using K-means clustering. Finally, the marginal effects of the linear regression models for the three groups were calculated to augment the comparison. As expected, the elevation showed a positive correlation with the perception–reaction time but indicated a variance in influence effects in the three groups. Consistent with previous evidence, experienced drivers had better perception ability in the plateau. These findings could help in the design of high-elevation roads and guide the definition of suitability to drive in the plateau, thereby improving driving safety.