Abstract
This paper analyzes catalyst deactivation during cracking reactions in terms of the physical, chemical, and transport processes taking place within zeolite crystals. Special attention is given to the interactions of zeolite morphology and the wide range of components present in a typical cracking feed. By analyzing the functional form of activity decays, obtained via a detailed model of adsorption, diffusion, and reaction, it is possible to identify three regimes of deactivation. These can be classified as dynamical, chemical, and structural. They dominate the shape of the activity decay curves at short, intermediate, and longer times, and are related to competitive adsorption, site coverage, and pore blockage phenomena, respectively. The model predicts the correct activity patterns under a wide variety of reaction conditions, closely mimics those observed experimentally, and spans those observed experimentally, and spans those obtained from available empirical correlations.
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