Analysis of Yield Potential and Regional Distribution for Bioethanol in China

Jingying Fu,Dong Jiang,Gang Lin,Jinshuang Du

doi:10.3390/en14154554

Abstract

Bioethanol will play a significant role in energy structure adjustment and greenhouse gas mitigation in the future, especially in the transport sector. As bioethanol production with grain crops may become obsolete due to food security concerns, the Chinese government has advocated the development of non-grain bioethanol. According to the current actual situation of bioethanol development and China’s Liquid Biofuel Development Roadmap, we defined three stages of bioethanol development. We focused on the assessment of bioethanol feedstock resources and bioethanol yield potential in different stages using a comprehensive evaluation system integrating statistical methods, crop growth process models, and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The considered feedstocks included corn, sweet sorghum, cassava, switchgrass, crop straw, and forest residues. The spatial–temporal characteristics of the regional bioethanol distribution were discussed. The results indicate that the total resources of corn, sweet sorghum, cassava, switchgrass, crop straws, and forest residues were about 257.17, 2083.55, 44.36, 357.56, 1031.62, and 924 million tons at different time points, respectively. In the first stage, the year 2020, the potential bioethanol totaled 21.55 million tons. An advantage in bioethanol development was demonstrated by Northeast China. A positive development situation was also identified in East China, such as in Tianjin. In the second stage, from 2020 to 2030, the potential bioethanol production is estimated to be 145.42 million tons. The bioethanol development potential will increase in South China, in areas such as Yunnan, Guangxi, and Guizhou. In the third stage, the potential bioethanol based on switchgrass is estimated to be 92.99 million tons. The potential bioethanol based on crop straws and forest residues will be 14.76 million tons if 5% of these feedstocks are fully used for producing bioethanol. Regions with a large development potential will be further expanded. Interregional bioethanol flows and international cooperation will help meet the whole nation’s requirement.

Highlights

The energy crisis and climate change caused by fossil fuel consumption have led to the adjustment of the energy structure in various countries
The spatial distributions of the corn yield, the crop straw yield, and the forest residue resources were estimated by the integration of the statistical data and the land use data, while the spatial distributions of the sweet sorghum stalk yield, the cassava biomass, and the switchgrass biomass were simulated by the GIS-based Environmental Policy Integrated Climate (GEPIC) and DSSAT models
It is a pity that the current use of straw as a feedstock of bioethanol is limited even though it is easy to gain

Summary

Introduction

The energy crisis and climate change caused by fossil fuel consumption have led to the adjustment of the energy structure in various countries. Renewable energy is expected to play an increasing role as an alternative energy source, of which liquid biofuel is an option. It can replace every petroleum-based fuel, helping relieve the pressure on the transport sector. Bioethanol is the most widely used at present. It can be directly used as 100% of the fuel or be blended with gasoline either at a low concentration (e.g., E10 and E15) or a high concentration (e.g., E85) for use in flexi-fuel vehicles

Objectives

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion