Abstract
Titanium Grade 2 is a material that is widely applied in biomedical implant materials. Titanium Grade 2 has a good corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility in the body. However, due to the low thermal conductivity, it is necessary to select the appropriate machining parameter in order to produce a good surface roughness value. The purpose of this study was to determine the surface characteristics of Titanium Grade 2 which include wettability and surface roughness on milling process. The research design used the full factorial L9 method, with 2 factors and 3 levels. The spindle speed variable has a p-value of 0.039 and the feeding speed variable has a p-value of 0.025. This shows that the two independent variables have a significant effect on the surface roughness response. The lowest surface roughness can be achieved by setting the spindle rotation at 700 rpm and the feed speed at 25 mm/min. All specimens showed contact angle measurement results below 90ᵒ, which means hydrophilic. Titanium Grade 2 material with this milling machining process can be used as an alternative to semi-permanent implant fabrication methods such as maxillofacial bone implants, bones of the fingers and toes, and others.
Highlights
The use of titanium biomaterial-based implant devices is quite widely applied in orthopaedic surgery and dentistry
A P-value of 0.025
The biggest contribution to the surface roughness response was given by the feed speed, which was 46.47%, followed by the spindle speed, which was 34.29%
Summary
The use of titanium biomaterial-based implant devices is quite widely applied in orthopaedic surgery and dentistry. Pure titanium and its alloys have better biocompatibility and biomechanical properties than other metals and are biologically inert, and have very high corrosion resistance, which can spontaneously form a TiO2 layer on the surface [1], [2]. These advantages make titanium preferable to be developed as an implant material than other metals [3]. Several research results that examine the interaction of the interface between the implant and the surrounding living tissue inform that the topography and surface roughness, chemical composition, surface energy, and the oxide layer on the surface of the implant material greatly determine the performance of the implant in the body tissues so that osseointegration occurs, or in other words. the surface of the implant material must be bioactive and biocompatible [8]
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