Abstract
The Multi-stAge noise SHaping Digital Delta-Sigma Modulator (MASH DDSM), which is commonly used as a divider controller in a fractional- $N$ frequency synthesizer, can produce a time-varying periodic pattern of tones in the output spectrum of the synthesizer; these are known as wandering spurs. In this work, a detailed analysis of the cause of wandering spur patterns in a MASH 1-1-1 DDSM-based fractional- $N$ frequency synthesizer, supported by experimental measurements, is presented.
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