Abstract
A new and effective hybrid stress 2D finite element based on the plane beam-column theory considering higher order shear deformation and the bi-axial effect in stresses and strains was developed, in the previous papers. In this paper, the availability and applicability of the present 2D finite element, for the walls and/or the portal frames with the wall elements, are discussed and examined. The behavior of the wall with a square opening are analyzed and are compared the photoelasticity experiment results by Tokuhiro etc. Also, the parametric studies on the size of square opening or the size of boundary column are performed, and might specify their influence and effect on the responsive characteristics of the wall with an opening.
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