Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the age, gender, causes, place of trauma, and type of crown fracture in permanent dentition among patients attending Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Hospital (LUMHS), Jamshoro, Pakistan. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Operative Dentistry Department of LUMHS hospital over a period of six months. All patients (6 - 40 years of age) who had a history of dental trauma and attending dental OPD were included in this study. The data for all patients were recorded in a predesigned proforma. Data were collected on age, gender, place of trauma (playground, road, home), cause of trauma (fall, playing, road accident, bicycle accident, collisions, fighting) and associated symptoms. The data were analyzed using SPSS 22.0. Mean and the standard deviation was computed for a quantitative variable like age. Frequency and percentage were calculated for qualitative variables like gender, risk factors, and pattern of trauma. Results: A total of 82 patients were enrolled. The most frequent age group involved was 13 - 20 years (46%) with males (58.5%) predominance. The majority of trauma cases were due to fall (36.6%) while playing and 19.5% were bicycle accidents. The most commonly affected tooth was right maxillary central incisor (46.6%) followed by left maxillary central incisor (28.4%). Of the 116 teeth examined, 56.0% had a complicated crown fracture and 44.0% had an uncomplicated crown fracture. Conclusion: Safety measures should be implemented where dental traumatic accidents occur most frequently like at home and on the roads.
Highlights
Orofacial trauma is among the most prominent oral health problems affecting children in developing countries [1]
Patients referred to the Dentistry Department for the treatment of traumatic dental injuries over a period of six months from July 2019 to December 2019 were included in this study
Out of 82 patients, 46% belong to the age group of 13 - 20, 28% of patients fall in the age group of 6 - 12, and 11% belong to the age group of 21 - and the remaining above years (Figure 1)
Summary
Orofacial trauma is among the most prominent oral health problems affecting children in developing countries [1]. While diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease have been given due importance and are still considered to be the most significant oral health problems worldwide, trauma to the anterior teeth with the underlying aesthetic, psychosocial, functional, and therapeutic problems adversely affect an individual’s quality of life [2]. Dental trauma is a major health problem in many societies, with higher prevalence rates among children and adolescents [3] [4] [5]. Demographic evaluations indicate a higher prevalence of trauma in males compared to females. The home setting, school, and street are places with the highest frequency of dental traumatic injuries, which most importantly include enamel fracture and enamel and dentin fracture without pulp exposure [6]
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