Abstract
In the applications of the Large eddy simulation (LES) to open-channel flows with roughness, water surface is usually treated as a fixed boundary by neglecting the effects of surface fluctuation generated by boil vortices or relatively large surface variations caused by the drag force at each roughness element. In the present study, in order to expand the applicability of LES to such general conditions, the bottom topography is treated by introducing the immersed boundary method and the free surface variation is simulated by introducing a density function. It was made clear that the developed model is capable to represent relatively large surface variations in the strip-roughness flows with various roughness spacings. The numerical results agreed fairly well with those obtained by PIV.
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