Analysis of Trends in Drought with the Non-Parametric Approach in Vietnam: A Case Study in Ninh Thuan Province

Nguyen Hoang Tuan,Truong Thanh Canh

doi:10.4236/ajcc.2021.101004

Nguyen Hoang Tuan, Truong Thanh Canh

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.4236/ajcc.2021.101004

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Abstract

A quantitative study was used in the study of the tendency to change drought indicators in Vietnam through the Ninh Thuan province case study. The research data are temperature and precipitation data of 11 stations from 1986 to 2016 inside and outside Ninh Thuan province. To do the research, the author uses a non-parametric analysis method and the drought index calculation method. Specifically, with the non-parametric method, the author uses the analysis, Mann-Kendall (MK) and Theil-Sen (Sen’s slope), and to analyze drought, the author uses the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Moisture Index (MI). Two Softwares calculated in this study are ProUCL 5.1 and MAKENSEN 1.0 by the US Environmental Protection Agency and Finnish Meteorological Institute. The calculation results show that meteorological drought will decrease in the future with areas such as Phan Rang, Song Pha, Quan The, Ba Thap tend to increase very clearly, while Tam My and Nhi Ha tend to increase very clearly short. With the agricultural drought, the average MI results increased 0.013 per year, of which Song Pha station tended to increase the highest with 0.03 per year and lower with Nhi Ha with 0.001 per year. The forecast results also show that by the end of the 21st century, the SPI tends to decrease with SPI 1 being −0.68, SPI 3 being −0.40, SPI 6 being −0.25, SPI 12 is 0.42. Along with that is the forecast that the MI index will increase 0.013 per year to 2035, the MI index is 0.93, in 2050 it is 1.13, in 2075 it will be 1.46, and by 2100 it is 1.79. Research results will be used in policymaking, environmental resources management agencies, and researchers to develop and study solutions to adapt and mitigate drought in the context of variable climate change.

Highlights

Drought can be considered an expensive natural disaster in the world (Esfahanian et al, 2017); this is an uncontrollable extreme phenomenon (Correia, 2007), it affects regions and the Earth (Blain, 2012; Ding et al, 2010; Svoboda et al, 2015)
Standardized Precipitation Index Result The calculation results of SPI 1, SPI 3, SPI 6, and SPI 12 showed that drought occurred in the study period with different types of drought
Moisture Index Result Analyzing the results of calculating the MI index to assess agricultural drought in Ninh Thuan province, the results showed that agricultural drought is happening at different levels of drought, but mainly severe and significant drought (Figure 3)

Summary

Introduction

Drought can be considered an expensive natural disaster in the world (Esfahanian et al, 2017); this is an uncontrollable extreme phenomenon (Correia, 2007), it affects regions and the Earth (Blain, 2012; Ding et al, 2010; Svoboda et al, 2015). Droughts have a significant impact on economic, social, and environmental activities around the world (Ding et al, 2010; Lake, 2011; Wilhite & Glantz, 1987), whose direct and indirect impacts continued (Jenkins, 2011; Jeyaseelan, 2003), drought affects livelihoods, food security, and environmental quality (Bordi & Sutera, 2007; GSA, 2006; Jenkins, 2011; Tadesse et al, 2008; Tannehill, 1947; UN Water, 2015b; UNDP, 2012; UNESCO, 2014; UNISDR, 2009; WMO, 2014). In the United States, drought is considered a recurring natural disaster (Herweijer et al, 2007)

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