Abstract
The addition of titanium to ferritic stainless steel alloys has been shown to benefit the high temperature characteristics of these alloys for use in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnects. TiN precipitates can reduce the fractional softening of interconnects at high temperatures by preventing recrystallization and recovery of the cold-worked alloy [1]. TiN has a lower solubility in austenite than ferrite [2]. During solidification of molten steel, TiN precipitates in the austenitic region and is then annealed in the ferritic region [2]. During long term SOFC operation, titanium oxide forms and provides a keying effect at the interface of the alloy and chromia scale [3]. Titanium oxide also forms at the surface of the chromia scale to reduce chromium volatilization [4]. Analysis of an interconnect alloy, Crofer ® 22 APU, before and after oxidation was performed to show the initial development of titanium precipitate morphology, structure, and diffusion.
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