Abstract
Several researchers have analyzed brain activities by investigating brain networks. However, there is a lack of the research on the temporal characteristics of the brain network during a stroke by EEG and the comparative studies between motor execution and imagery, which became known to have similar motor functions and pathways. In this study, we proposed the possibility of temporal characteristics on the brain networks of a stroke. We analyzed the temporal properties of the brain networks for nine chronic stroke patients by the active and motor imagery tasks by EEG. High beta band has a specific role in the brain network during motor tasks. In the high beta band, for the active task, there were significant characteristics of centrality and small-worldness on bilateral primary motor cortices at the initial motor execution. The degree centrality significantly increased on the contralateral primary motor cortex, and local efficiency increased on the ipsilateral primary motor cortex. These results indicate that the ipsilateral primary motor cortex constructed a powerful subnetwork by influencing the linked channels as compensatory effect, although the contralateral primary motor cortex organized an inefficient network by using the connected channels due to lesions. For the MI task, degree centrality and local efficiency significantly decreased on the somatosensory area at the initial motor imagery. Then, there were significant correlations between the properties of brain networks and motor function on the contralateral primary motor cortex and somatosensory area for each motor execution/imagery task. Our results represented that the active and MI tasks have different mechanisms of motor acts. Based on these results, we indicated the possibility of customized rehabilitation according to different motor tasks. We expect these results to help in the construction of the customized rehabilitation system depending on motor tasks by understanding temporal functional characteristics on brain network for a stroke.
Highlights
Strokes, which occur when the vessels are ruptured or blocked, are the second leading cause of death and a major cause of adult disability [1]
We found a significant frequency band to analyze temporal changes of the brain network properties during the active and motor imagery (MI) tasks compared with the baseline
The details of supplementary area (SMA) that had the significant changes of two motor tasks in a high beta band was indicated in Table 1, and we represented significant changes of the active and MI tasks as stars in Table 1 (Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test, p
Summary
Strokes, which occur when the vessels are ruptured or blocked, are the second leading cause of death and a major cause of adult disability [1]. Compared to fMRI and MEG, EEG makes it easy to find temporal brain activity due to its high temporal resolution This characteristics of EEG is useful to analyze the temporal change of the brain activity, which reflects the brain function [5, 6]. Previous studies have analyzed the spectral power of EEG data during motor tasks for the stroke [7, 8] They have focused less on communication among the brain that change organically [9]. Brain networks change rapidly by reflecting subsets and pathway in various brain regions according to cognitive and behavioral tasks [11, 12] For these reasons, we focused on the brain network related to functional connectivity of a stroke using EEG
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