Analysis of Thermal Environmental in Buildings with Water and Landscape Elements as Microclimate Modifiers in Hot and Humid Tropical Climates

Abstract

Thermal conditions in buildings are influenced by climatic conditions and are determined by the thermal performance of the building itself. The thermal condition is caused by the transfer of heat flow between the environment and the building. This study aims to analyze the value of temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed with the presence of the water element as a modifier of the microclimate in the building as well as thermal comfort for the adaptation of visitor behavior. The research focus is on the water element and the sensation of the thermal environment with public building objects. Field research based on ASHRAE 55 2020 and ISO 7730 standards. Four environmental parameters were measured, namely temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and air velocity. Data were obtained through field measurements using quantitative methods through analysis of the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) thermal comfort index, Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD), and Standard Effective Temperature (SET). The data is processed using a statistical approach and then simulated with 2-dimensional numerical data using the Thermal Comfort Tool (CBE) software after which it is compared with the thermal comfort index. PMV, PPD, and SET are generated and refer to the ASHRAE 55-2020 standard. Meanwhile, the sensation of the thermal environment based on behavioral adaptation was analyzed based on the results of the questionnaire answers using the thermal sensation vote (TSV). The results show that the analysis of the thermal environment in the context of the microclimate in the building, thermal comfort as well as water and landscape elements are important potentials that can provide positive values, improve quality, and maintain microclimate stability at the building scale and regional scale and need to be controlled and taken action. adaptive in buildings such as setting water elements and ventilation systems in buildings to provide a passive cooling effect on buildings.