Analysis of thermal conductivity variation in magneto-hybrid nanofluids flow through porous medium with variable viscosity and slip boundary

Abstract

Hybrid nanoparticles, which are nanoparticles composed of multiple materials or phases, find applications in various fields due to their unique properties resulting from the combination of different materials. In such fluids, viscosity changes significantly in response to alterations in temperature or pressure. For example, these fluids become less viscous as they are heated and more viscous as they are cooled. Similarly, in certain situations, the application of a temperature variation can cause a change in viscosity. This property is commonly observed in materials like polymers and some oils. The article aims to investigate the heat transfer and flow behavior of fluid from an elastic sheet of hybrid nanoparticles, considering the temperature-dependent variable viscosity and thermal conductivity. The obtained equations for the mathematical model are partial differential equations converted to ODEs by applying a suitable similarity transformation. The findings show that the magnetic field opposes fluid motion. Our main findings are that adding nanoparticles to the base fluid significantly increased its heat conductivity. This improvement has great potential for uses requiring effective heat transmission, especially in engineering systems where heat dissipation plays a crucial role. The study also reveals the complex relationships that influence thermal conductivity, including slip boundary effects, viscosity fluctuations, magnetohydrodynamic effects, and porous media dynamics. Understanding these interactions is critical for optimizing heat transport processes in porous media applications. Comprehending these interplays is essential for refining heat transport mechanisms in applications involving porous media. The graphical representations are used to explain the physical behavior of various model parameters. Previous outcomes are also contrasted with the current ones. The findings show that the magnetic field opposes fluid motion.We range the subsequent list of values for parameters in every graph unless indicated accordingly.ϵ=0.1,Pr=2,M=0.5,R=0.2,K=5,fw=0.1,s=0.1 ,λ=1,φ1=0.02,φ2=0.04.