Analysis of the Weak Position of Women in European Countries from the Perspective of Park Design and How Could Park Management Improve the Situation - in a Case Study of Whiteley Woods in Sheffield

Abstract

Park is an important space where people could get close to nature in urban space. However, at the time when European parks were first built, gender dysphoria led to park design and management that left a hidden sense of security for women. This paper explores the factors that restricted women's access to the naturalistic style parks that emerged in Europe in the late 20th century, and suggests ways to improve them. The purpose of this study is to allow the public and related departments realize that women in Europe still face the same fear in the park as women in other parts of the world. Knowing that point may help not only to improve the participance of women in public life but also improve the concept of a safe city by considering the park space. The subject of this study is women living in Europe and their feelings when they go to the park, especially with a naturalistic style. The research is conducted by reviewing literature and doing a case study in Sheffield, a city in England. Most references are peer-reviewed journal articles while some data about crime was gathered by UKs official statistic department. Finally, study found that park with features, such as darkness, empty and enclosed woodland, would not be an enjoyable space for women and the more vulnerable position of women in violent crime may worsen womens fear in such space. Corresponding to the unsettled factors in a park, park management could be supplementary for the design.