Analysis of the Ukrainian collection of common hop varieties (Humulus lupulus L.) to highlight varieties with reference characters

Abstract

Purpose. Conduct a generalized assessment of samples of the base collection of hops Humulus lupulus L. Institute of Agriculture Polissia of NAAS of Ukraine according to the level of manifestation of the main morphological characters to highlight domestic varieties with reference characters. Methods. Field, visual estimation, laboratory, analytical. Results. During 2011–2017 samples of the base collection of Humulus lupulus L. hops were evaluated in the conditions of Polissia; the level of manifestation of their main morphological characters was determined. An information base has been formed on the morphological characteristics of hop varieties with a list of foreign standard varieties and domestic applicants for standards on certain characteristics. It was revealed that breeds have varying degrees of characters manifestation. In particular, according to the intensity of the anthocyanin color of the stem from very weak – ‘Slavianka’, ‘Zahrava’ to very strong – ‘Hranit’; according to the color of the upper part of the leaf blade: from yellow-green, characteristic for the ‘Alta’ and ‘Khmeleslav’ varieties to green, for the ‘Zahrava’ and ‘Clon 18’ varieties. By flowering time and onset of technical ripeness of cones, the varie­ties are divided into groups: early – ‘Alta’, medium – ‘Clon 18’, ‘Zahrava’, later – ‘Xanta’, ‘Haidamatskyi’, ‘Hranit’. Among domestic applicants for standards in the form of a bush, the variety ‘Zmina’ – spindle-shaped, ‘Slavianka’ – cylindrical, ‘Alta’ –conical, and others; in the shape of a cone – variety ‘Clone 18’ – cylindrical, ‘Slavianka’ – narrow oval, ‘Ruslan’, ‘Alta’ – oval, ‘Zlato Polissia’ – wide oval and ‘Zhytych’ – spherical. Conclusions. Based on the results of long-term investigations, a comparative assessment of the reference varieties of foreign breeding and samples of the collection of domestic origin was carried out according to the characteristics of the vegetative (stem, leaf, bush), plant generative organs (cone) and phenological descriptions (time of flowering and cone harvesting), which allowed to determine the varieties with stable manifestation of the main identification signs of hops. Domestic varieties that are carriers of individual (‘Zlato Polissia’, ‘Zhytych’, ‘Ruslan’, ‘Poliskyi’) or several traits (‘Slavianka’, ‘Zahrava’, ‘Haidamatskyi’, ‘Clon 18’, ‘Khmeleslav’, ‘Alta’, etc.) are isolated and proposed for use as standards.