Abstract
The transmission characteristics of an internal reflection grating primarily integrated into light-emitting diodes are numerically calculated and optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA). The obvious polarization effect of the near field distribution is demonstrated. To easily analyze the transmittance performance of the internal reflection grating, simple methods involving scalar diffraction theory and effective medium theory are used. The validity of both methods is quantitatively evaluated by comparing the transmittance results obtained using the simple methods and RCWA. The limitation of both simple methods mainly depends on the grating structure parameters, such as the normalized period and normalized groove depth. Generally, when the dimensions of the normalized period is more than twofold wavelengths of incident light, the scalar treatment can be used to calculate precisely the transmittance of the optical element within 5% error. Also, the validity of the scalar theory is slightly influenced by the change in incident angle. The effective medium theory is accurate for evaluating the transmittance within 1% error when higher-order diffraction waves other than zeroth-order waves do not propagate.
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