Analysis of the structures of confirmed and questionable CRISPR loci in 325 Staphylococcus genomes.

Abstract

The CRISPR-Cas (clustered regular interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins) system is a newly discovered immune defense system in the genome of prokaryotes, which can resist the invasion of foreign genetic elements, such as plasmids or phage. In this study, 154 strains of Staphylococcus published in the CRISPRDatabase and 171 strains included in NCBI were downloaded, the confirmed and questionable CRISPR loci of which were analyzed by bioinformatics methods, including their distribution, characteristics of the structure (including the direct repeats, spacers and cas genes), and the relationship between the presence of CRISPR and the mecA gene. Meanwhile, a comprehensive analysis of orphan CRISPR arrays was performed on this basis. A total of 196 confirmed and 1757 questionable CRISPR loci were found in 325 Staphylococcus genomes. Only 25 strains contained cas genes, which were classified into III-A (48.1%) and II-C (51.9%). The difference between the presence of the cas gene and the carrying rate of mecA was statistically significant, and they were negatively correlated. A total of 137 confirmed and 1755 questionable CRISPR loci were assumed to be false-CRISPR. The present study also analyzed the questionable CRISPR array for the first time while analyzing the confirmed CRISPR array in the Staphylococcal genome and screened the false-CRISPR elements in the orphan CRISPR array.