Abstract
Abstract Brick sewers were designed as egg-shaped, pear-shaped, bell-shaped, vaulted, and even rectangular (sometimes with granite ceilings and floor slabs). In exceptional cases, circular sections were also made of brick. Efforts were made in order to ensure optimal flow conditions, and also that the cross-section was adapted to the shape of the rock mass pressure line. This is due to the fact that the most advantageous shapes for masonry collectors are shapes in which no tensile stresses will occur in any part of the cross-section under the influence of external loads. Nevertheless, sewage conduits degrade over time. The boundary conditions of their use also change, which affects the magnitude of mechanical and hydraulic loads. Further use of a sewer in such a case requires its renewal, and less frequently, modernization that results from the necessity to change its function. This is usually done by introducing a new conduit into the interior of the renovated or modernized sewer, which in literature is called a liner. The aim of the analysis was to determine the thickness of the liners that strengthen the structures of brick channels with an inverted egg cross-section and with dimensions of 1050 × 700 mm, which are intended for gravitational sewage systems. The analysis included the performance of variant static and strength calculations for the assumption that the conduit after its modernization will be replaced with a conduit operating in the pressure system, which is a very rare requirement. It was assumed that the best solution would be to use a CIPP (Cured In Place Pipe) liner.
Highlights
Brick sewers were designed as egg-shaped, pear-shaped, bell-shaped, vaulted, and even rectangular
In most cases, efforts were made to ensure that the cross-sectional shape allows for optimal flow conditions, and that it is adapted to the shape of the rock mass pressure line
This is due to the fact that the most advantageous shapes for brick collectors are those in which no tensile stresses occur in any part of the cross section under the influence of external loads
Summary
Abstract: Brick sewers were designed as egg-shaped, pear-shaped, bell-shaped, vaulted, and even rectangular (sometimes with granite ceilings and floor slabs). Further use of a sewer in such a case requires its renewal, and less frequently, modernization that results from the necessity to change its function This is usually done by introducing a new conduit into the interior of the renovated or modernized sewer, which in literature is called a liner. In most cases, efforts were made to ensure that the cross-sectional shape allows for optimal flow conditions, and that it is adapted to the shape of the rock mass pressure line This is due to the fact that the most advantageous shapes for brick collectors are those in which no tensile stresses occur in any part of the cross section under the influence of external loads. Calculation of the structure of a liner, while taking into account the geometric imperfections of the conduit, is extremely difficult and requires the use of special calculation algorithms based on the Finite Element Method (FEM), such as the algorithm developed at Wroclaw University of Science and Technology [5]
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