Analysis of the strategies used in Bangladesh’s Liberation War with West Pakistan against the background of the Cold War

Abstract

This article intends to analyse the events which unfolded around Bangladesh’s War of Independence (1971). In retrospect, initially the war was Bangladesh’s attempt at gaining independence from Pakistan, which was to begin with recognition as the country’s eastern province. Specifically, the authors want to flesh out the aspects of irregular warfare, insurgency strategy, and the total people’s war in a case study. To do this, this qualitative article employs a historiographic analytical lens in its analysis. Furthermore, in its methodology section, the authors outline J.D. Kiras’ four concepts behind a successful insurgency, and Abdul H. Nasution’s proposition of “nationalism” as the article’s theoretical framework. These concepts include space, time, support, and legitimacy. The results of this study show that, firstly, the Bangladeshis could utilise the “space” aspect by exploiting geographical differences. Secondly, the events related to natural disasters that occurred gave impetus to the revolt. Thirdly, the world’s support highlighted the challenging circumstances for Bangladeshis. Fourthly, Bangladesh acquired legitimacy while advocating for the release of political prisoners from Lahore. Finally, nationalism is showcased in the fight because of the work of intellectuals and nationalists. Overall, Bangladesh’s War of Independence produced mixed results with regard to this article’s theoretical framework.