Abstract
<p><strong>Background:</strong> Plant tissue culture has been shown to be an efficient technique for the propagation of diverse <em>Agave</em> species using different <em>in vitro</em> regeneration processes. However, it has been demonstrated that genetic changes can occur in plants regenerated under these schemes, also called somaclonal variation. <strong>Objective:</strong> the objective of this study was to determine the genetic fidelity of plantlets regenerated from three different explants (mature zygotic embryonic axis, <em>in vitro</em> plantlet meristematic zone, and <em>ex vitro</em> plantlet meristematic zone) using two pathways of micropropagation (direct and indirect organogenesis) of <em>A. salmiana</em> and <em>A. marmorata</em>. <strong>Methodology:</strong> somaclonal variation of the obtained clones was evaluated using different DNA markers, such as anchored simple inter-sequence repeat (ASSR) and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). <strong>Results: </strong>the results show that only in those clones that undergo a callus phase and, consequently, indirect organogenesis, somaclonal variation was observed. In contrast, those clones obtained by direct organogenesis were genetically stable, it means not polymorphic bands were observed. <strong>Implications:</strong> it was achieved an efficient propagation protocol for <em>A. salmiana</em> and <em>A. marmorata</em>, maintaining genetic stability of regenerated plantlets as well as a possible alternative for genetic improvement by observing somaclonal variation via indirect organogenesis in both evaluated species. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> in this research, the micropropagation pathway (direct and indirect organogenesis) was the determining factor to maintain or not the genetic fidelity of the regenerated plants in both species of <em>Agave</em> used.</p>
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