Analysis of the shear strength mechanism of slender precast concrete beams with cast-in-place slab and web reinforcement

Abstract

Precast concrete beams with cast-in-place slabs on top, namely concrete composite beams are frequently used for building concrete bridge decks. In designs, the contribution of cast-in-place slabs to shear strength tends to be omitted. However, given the vast number of existent bridges with this deck typology, significant cost savings could be made when assessing these structures if the slab’s shear strength is considered. This paper analyses how cast-in-place slab influences the shear behaviour of concrete composite beams with web reinforcement. For this purpose, an experimental programme of 18 concrete specimens with web reinforcement and rectangular cross-sections was run, in which the following parameters varied: cross-sectional depth; existence of an interface between concretes; compressive strengths of the concrete of beams and slabs; differential shrinkage between concretes. It was observed that: the slab contributed to resist shear; the existence of an interface between concretes led to a crack appearing along it that caused the transmitted shear to be divided into two load paths: one through the precast beam and another one through the slab; the slab’s concrete strength was that which mainly influenced the element’s shear strength; differential shrinkage did not reduce shear strength. Based on experimental observations, a mechanical model is proposed in this paper to assess the composite elements’ shear strength, which considers the yielding of both stirrups and the slab’s longitudinal reinforcement to be a failure criterion, which well predicted the experimental results. The shear formulations of Eurocode 2, the Level III Approximation of Model Code 2010 and the (b) Formula of ACI 318-19 offered a similar result to the herein proposed method when using the entire composite element effective depth and the weighted average of the concrete strengths of both the beam and slab estimated from the area ratio. Codes significantly underestimated specimens’ interface shear.