Abstract
The use of slate waste can help to reduce the impacts caused to the environment due to the decrease of the appropriate disposal areas and the disordered consumption of raw material. This article presents an analysis of the Resilient Modulus (RM) and the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of this waste in mixtures with clayey soil. To analyze variations in RM and CBR due to the increase in the slate waste content, tests were carried out on reference mixtures (REF) and mixtures containing slate waste (SLT). The tests were carried out for mixtures of granular material (gneiss for REF and slate waste for SLT) and clay soil, containing different levels of granular materials (50%, 60%, 70%, 80% and 90%) It was observed that the values of Resilient Modulus and California Bearing Ratio of the SLT mixtures increased 62.8% and 127.0% with the addition of the slate waste between the SLT 50/50 and SLT 90/10 mixtures, respectively. This behavior was similar to that presented by the REF mixtures, which increased 125.0% in RM and 60.1% in CBR for the same addition of granular material. The results obtained indicate that the mixtures containing slate waste presented RM and CBR similar to those of conventional materials (such as the REF mixtures) used in layers of sub-base and the base of pavements. Finally, it was concluded that the relationship between RM and CBR is non-linear for both mixtures (REF and SLT) in function of granular material addition.
Highlights
Almost all human and industrial activities produce waste and its increasing accumulation is the cause of serious environmental and economic issues in the world (Cardoso, 2016). Disfani et al (2011) indicated that the reuse of waste reduces the demand for scarce virgin natural resources, as well as reduces the amount of waste deposited.The reuse of recycled granular materials (RGM) presents significantly lower carbon footprints compared to traditional quarried materials, which will lead to a more sustainable environment (Arulrajah et al, 2013)
It should be noted that this property presents a better performance in slate waste (SLT) mixtures in relation to reference mixtures (REF), considering that the Brazilian standard (DNIT-141/2010) establishes the limits of 25% and 6%, respectively for the liquid limit and plasticity index, for the use of material as a base layer in asphalt pavements
It was concluded that the values of Resilient Modulus and California Bearing Ratio of the SLT mixtures behave to those of the REF mixtures
Summary
Almost all human and industrial activities produce waste and its increasing accumulation is the cause of serious environmental and economic issues in the world (Cardoso, 2016). The reuse of recycled granular materials (RGM) presents significantly lower carbon footprints compared to traditional quarried materials, which will lead to a more sustainable environment (Arulrajah et al, 2013). The usage of RGM (including slate waste) is considered a viable and sustainable solution to minimize the waste while reducing the demand for scarce virgin quarried materials. The extraction of slate for use as a construction material generates large quantities of waste (about 30% in mass) that are disposed on nearby extraction sites, with the consequent technical, economic, environmental, and social problems (Mansur et al, 2006)
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