Abstract
Background: The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the capability of an IOS (Intra Oral Scanner) device, used in standardized conditions, to detect margins of abutments prepared with knife-edge finishing line located at three different levels in relation to the gingival sulcus. Methods: sixty abutment teeth for treatment with full crowns were selected and randomly divided in three groups accordingly to the depth of the finishing line: Group A: supragingival margin; Group B: 0.5–1.0 mm into the sulcus; Group C: 1.5–2.0 mm into the sulcus. Temporary crowns were placed for two weeks and then digital impressions (Aadva IOS 100, GC, Japan) were made of each abutment. As controls, analog impressions were taken, poured, and scanned using a laboratory scanner (Aadva lab scanner, GC, Japan). Two standard tessellation language (STL) files were generated for each abutment, subsequently processed, and superimposed by Exocad software (Exocad GmbH, Darmstadt, Germany), applying the “best-fit“ algorithm in order to align the scan of the conventional with the digital impressions. The distances between each preparation margin and the adjacent gingival tissue were measured. Four measures were taken, two interproximally and buccally, for a total of six measures of each abutment considering three modes of impressions. The data were statistically evaluated using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) for each site and the Bonferroni test. Results: there was no difference between the two kinds of impression in Group A in both sites, in Group B a difference of 0.483 mm and 0.682 mm at interproximal and buccal sites, respectively, and in Group C 0.750 mm and 0.964 mm at interproximal and buccal sites, respectively. The analysis performed on a site level (mesial/distal/vestibular) for the depth of both vertical preparations revealed significant differences (p < 0.0001). After a post hoc analysis (Bonferroni), vestibular sites of the shallow vertical preparations resulted in significantly lower values compared to the other sites prepared deeply. Conclusions: the results showed that the location of the margin is an important factor in making a precise and complete impression when IOS (Intra Oral Scanner) is used. Moreover, deep preparation into the sulcus is not recommended for IOS (Intra Oral Scanner) impressions.
Highlights
Key factors for long-term clinical success in fixed prosthodontics are respect of function, biocompatibility, marginal and internal fit, fracture resistance, and appealing esthetics. 4.0/).In particular, a marginal gap, at the level of the restorative finish line, has a highly detrimental effect on the quality of the restoration, inducing micro-leakage, cement dissolution by oral fluids, and biofilm accumulation, with consequences such as caries or endodontic and periodontal problems [1,2,3,4]
The final result is strongly affected by dimensional distortions of impression materials and gypsum [11,12], to the extent that half of misfits have been considered to be ascribed to the impression procedure and to the production of the gypsum cast, the other half being mainly related to the production techniques of the prosthesis [13,14]
The detection of the finish line relies on a clean, healthy gingival sulcus, proper soft tissue displacement, and clear visibility of the prepared tooth anatomy. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical trial was to test the capability of an intraoral scanning (IOS) device (Aadva IOS 100, GC, Japan) used in standardized conditions, to detect margins of abutments prepared with knife-edge finishing line located at three different levels in relation to the gingival sulcus
Summary
Key factors for long-term clinical success in fixed prosthodontics are respect of function, biocompatibility, marginal and internal fit, fracture resistance, and appealing esthetics. 4.0/).In particular, a marginal gap, at the level of the restorative finish line, has a highly detrimental effect on the quality of the restoration, inducing micro-leakage, cement dissolution by oral fluids, and biofilm accumulation, with consequences such as caries or endodontic and periodontal problems [1,2,3,4]. The introduction of the digital impression by using intraoral scanning (IOS) has changed the restorative scenario in prosthodontics by the acquisition of anatomic information without the use of physical impression materials, transforming shapes into digital files [15,16,17,18]. The aim of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the capability of an IOS (Intra Oral Scanner) device, used in standardized conditions, to detect margins of abutments prepared with knife-edge finishing line located at three different levels in relation to the gingival sulcus. Two interproximally and buccally, for a total of six measures of each abutment considering three modes of impressions
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