Analysis of the relationship of the vertical extension of mouth opening with muscle rigidity and sociodemographic factors in Parkinson's disease

Tales Severiano Da Silva,Maria Das Graças Wanderley De Sales Coriolano Coriolano,Carla Cabral Dos Santos Accioly Lins,Patrícia Fernanda Faccio,Jonatas Silva De Oliveira

doi:10.1590/1807-2577.03521

Tales Severiano Da Silva, Maria Das Graças Wanderley De Sales Coriolano Coriolano + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.03521

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Abstract

Abstract Introduction Changes caused by the rigidity of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) can affect the mandibular musculature. However, few studies have been published about its impact on the oral opening. Objective To analyze the relationship of the vertical extension of the oral opening with muscular rigidity and sociodemographic factors of the elderly with PD. Material and method This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study that collected data from a primary study conducted at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco in 2018. Data were collected from medical records and from the questionnaire, Research Diagnostic Criterion for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). The sample was composed of 81 parkinsonians and characterized using: sociodemographic variables and the presence or absence of muscular rigidity. The measures of vertical extension of the oral opening evaluated were: mouth opening without assistance and without pain (ABASD), and maximum mouth opening without assistance (AMBSA). The Pearson’s linear correlation and Spearman’s correlation tests were applied to investigate the relationship among the continuous variables. Analyses of association were conducted using simple logistic regression. The level of significance was set at p<0.05. Result Limitation of the oral opening was not related to age or sex. The greatest level of significance was between mouth opening without assistance and without pain and muscular rigidity (p=0.012), and years of schooling (p=0.038). Conclusion The limitation of mouth opening in people with PD was shown to be related to muscular rigidity and fewer years of schooling.

Highlights

Changes caused by the rigidity of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) can affect the mandibular musculature
The result of changes in the dopaminergic system that results from PD mainly affects the motor system, generating a series of signs, among which bradykinesia, resting tremor, some postural changes and muscular rigidity like Cardinals[3], stand out
The dependent variable extracted was the extension of vertical movement. This was obtained by consulting item 4 of axis II of the Research Diagnostic Criterion for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD)[15] questionnaire in the database

Summary

Introduction

Changes caused by the rigidity of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) can affect the mandibular musculature. Objective: To analyze the relationship of the vertical extension of the oral opening with muscular rigidity and sociodemographic factors of the elderly with PD. Material and method: This is a cross-sectional, quantitative study that collected data from a primary study conducted at the Hospital das Clínicas of the Federal University of Pernambuco in 2018. Parkinson’s Disease (PD) ranks second among the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases among the elderly, with a significant increase in its incidence over time[1]. It is characterized by the continuous loss of dopaminergic neurons in the compact part of the substantia nigra of the mesencephalon, resulting in the depletion of dopamine in the nigrostriatal pathway[2]. There is a relationship of this clinical sign with the insufficient movement of the perioral muscles, possibly culminating in the reduction of the oral opening amplitude, compromising functions such as chewing, due to the difficulty in securing the food bolus[9]

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