Abstract
Background: Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity. A review of the available literature indicates that correlations between the changes that take place in a woman’s body after menopause and different genetic variants are still being sought. Methods: The study was conducted in 252 women who had completed physiological menopause. The women were divided into groups according to the time elapsed since menopause. The total concentrations of estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone were determined by means of electrochemiluminescence. The apolipoprotein E (APOE) and lepitn (LEP) genotypes were determined by real-time PCR and polymerase chain reaction–restriction fragment length polymorphism, respectively. Results: We observed that people with the APOE3/E3 genotype entered menopause insignificantly later compared to other genotypes. Additionally, in the group of patients with the APOE3/E3 genotypes, differences in the E2 concentration were significantly related to the time since their last menstruation. There is no association found in the literature between these polymorphisms of the LEP gene and hormones. Conclusions: To date, attempts to formulate a model describing the association between E2 and FSH concentration with the polymorphisms of various genes of menopause in women have not been successful. This relationship is difficult to study because of the number of nongenetic factors. Environmental factors can explain variation in postmenopausal changes in hormone levels.
Highlights
According to the 1996 definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity [1,2]
The study was conducted in 252 women who had completed physiological menopause and who did not use menopausal hormone therapy
The women were divided into three groups, according to the time that had elapsed since menopause
Summary
According to the 1996 definition of the World Health Organization (WHO), menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity [1,2]. The time of final menstruation depends mainly on genetic [3,4,5,6] factors, and on iatrogenic factors in cases where women have undergone chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy of the ovarian region [6]. Expression control occurs mainly in the cells of white adipose tissue, and its extent is dependent on the location of this tissue in the organism [15,16]. Menopause is the permanent cessation of menstruation due to loss of ovarian follicular activity.
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