Abstract
Owing to the climate change impacts, waterlogging is one of the most hazardous abiotic stresses to crops, which also can result in a serious reduction in the quantity and quality of grape berry and wine production during the rainy season. Therefore, the exploration of the response mechanism of grape to waterlogging is necessary, for which the analysis of the transcriptomic regulation networks of grapevine leaves in response to waterlogging stress was carried out. In this study, 12 634 genes were detected in both waterlogging stress and control grapevine plants, out of which 6837 genes were differentially expressed. A comparative analysis revealed that genes functioning in the antioxidant system, glycolysis and fermentation pathway, chlorophyll metabolism, amino acid metabolism and hormones were activated to reduce injury to grapes under the waterlogging stress. Meanwhile, genes encoding class-2 non-symbiotic haemoglobin were determined as important in waterlogging acclimation. Additionally, the expression variations of three marker genes were found to be informative and can be used to predict the viability of the grapevines subjected to waterlogging. This research not only probes the molecular mechanism underlying grapevine waterlogging tolerance but also puts forward an idea about the application of gene expression information to practical management.
Highlights
Owing to the climate change impacts, waterlogging is one of the most hazardous abiotic stresses to crops, which can result in a serious reduction in the quantity and quality of grape berry and wine production during the rainy season
The results indicated that the exogenous low-oxygen condition from waterlogging stress could inhibit chlorophyll synthesis and induce the chlorophyll degradation that caused a decrease in chlorophyll content
These genes encode nitrate reductase (NR) (VIT_18s0001g03910.t01, from 130.52 to 92.36 RPKM), a key enzyme responsible for conversion of nitrate (NO3−) to nitrite (NO2−) and nitric oxide (NO); and nitrite reductase (NiR) (VIT_03s0063g00370.t01, from 56.31 to 65.89 RPKM), an enzyme responsible for reduction of NO2− to ammonium and conversion of NO2− to NO, and NO3− transporter. These results suggest that the regulation of NO3− metabolism and the modulation of endogenous NO levels might be important for waterlogging acclimation in grapevine
Summary
Owing to the climate change impacts, waterlogging is one of the most hazardous abiotic stresses to crops, which can result in a serious reduction in the quantity and quality of grape berry and wine production during the rainy season. Heavy rains and bad climatic conditions affect grape growth and berry development They are unfavourable for sugar accumulation, organic acid degradation and phenolic compound formation, which seriously hinder the further development of the table and wine grape industry in China. The low-oxygen environment stress-activated genes encode proteins and enzymes for anaerobic fermentation, glycolysis, transcription factors and signalling pathways in order to allow biological and physiological adjustments to the low-oxygen conditions [10]. All of these rapid changes take place in a large number of transcripts involved in hypoxic or anoxic response, indicating that plants have complex responses to low oxygen
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