Abstract
PurposeThe objectives of this study were to analyze the psychometric properties of the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), determine the role of the method effect in the performance of the instrument, and identify the relationship with health perception, quality of life, and sleep quality in patients at cardiovascular risk.MethodsThe final sample consisted of 293 patients at cardiovascular risk, with a mean age of 61.9 years (SD = 8.8), 49.8% of whom were women. The SOC-13, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and the Medical Outcomes Study-Sleep Scale (MOS-Sleep) were administered. In addition, the participant's self-perceived health and quality of life were also evaluated. All analyses were carried out with SPSS 26.0 and EQS 6.1 statistical software.ResultsThe results showed adequate reliability for the SOC-13, with a Cronbach's alpha of .789. The fit of the structures was not adequate in any of the cases (.26 to .62 for one factor, .26 to.73 for three factors, .20 to .54 for one second-order factor, and .25, .42, and .54 for three first-order factors). The three structure models showed an improved fit when adding a latent factor resulting from the method effect (.6 to .85 for one factor, .11 to.90 for three factors, and .11 to .96 for one second-order factor). Moreover, positive correlations were found with health perception, perceived quality of life, and perceived sleep quality.ConclusionThe SOC-13 is a suitable instrument for patients with cardiovascular risk in Spain, and it is also an indicator of health perception, quality of life, and perceived quality of sleep. Control of the method effect improves the fit of the instrument’s structure. As a future direction, it is recommended to conduct new studies in this and other samples and using different versions of the SOC.Trial registrationInternational Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN76069254, 08/04/2015 retrospectively registered.
Highlights
The Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a central concept of the salutogenic model proposed by Antonovsky in the 1970s [2]
In conclusion, the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC-13) scale is suitable for use in Spanish patients at cardiovascular risk, with adequate reliability indicators
The results show that controlling for the method effect improves the fit in all cases, with the three-factor structure showing the greatest increase in fit
Summary
The Sense of Coherence (SOC) is a central concept of the salutogenic model proposed by Antonovsky in the 1970s [2] This model shifts the focus from disease to health, Domínguez‐Salas et al Health and Quality of Life Outcomes (2022) 20:8 well-being, and the resources needed to maintain these. For the assessment of SOC, Antonovsky developed a 29-item instrument called the SOC-29 [2]. This instrument evaluates aspects related to the three dimensions that comprise the construct but posits that the instrument has a unidimensional structure rather than a threedimensional factor structure, which allows for obtaining an overall score instead of one for each dimension [1, 2]. The instrument has been validated for use in normative and clinical populations with various pathologies [14] and patients with cardiovascular risk or disease [63]
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