Analysis of the prevalence of mental and speech disorders in children in the Srednekolymsky Ulus of Yakutia (based on the results of a screening examination)

Abstract

The article is devoted to the analysis of mental, including speech, disorders among children in the villages of the Srednekolymsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The purpose of the survey was to analyze the diagnosed mental, including speech, disorders among the children of the villages of the Srednekolymsky ulus of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). 501 children aged 2 to 18 years were examined. Clinically significant disorders were detected in 187 children (37.4%). The structure of mental disorders is described: the first place is occupied by specific speech and language disorders (F80), the second is mental retardation (F83) and the third is mild cognitive impairment (F06.7). The data on the prevalence of mental disorders in various age groups are presented: most often, mental disorders occur in adolescence (51.0% of all examined children). Less disturbances are diagnosed in the early age group and the first period of childhood 22.0% of all children examined. In the group of preschool age, speech disorders are in the lead, in the group of primary school age mental retardation, speech disorders and mild cognitive impairment. In adolescence, a wide range of mental disorders is diagnosed, including adaptive reactions and eating disorders. Sexual differences in the nosological specificity of mental disorders were revealed: mental disorders prevail in boys. Speech disorders, stuttering, and behavioral disorders are significantly more common among boys. Among girls, adaptation disorders, emotionally labile disorders and eating disorders are significantly more common.