Abstract
ABSTRACT Objective: The aim of the present study was to locate mast cells in chronic periapical lesions (granulomas and cysts) by using histochemical techniques and toluidine blue staining. Methods: A quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional and retrospective research was performed. The sample was obtained from histopathological reports in the archives of the laboratory of surgical pathology of the University of Pernambuco between November 2014 and May 2015. Results: Sixteen cases of granuloma and 21 cases of periapical cysts were selected. The stained slides were analyzed by two examiners at different times, in a double-blind study. Mast cells were found in 13 (61.9%) of the periapical cyst cases, located in the capsule of the lesion. In the periapical granuloma cases, mast cells were found in eight cases (50%), located in the granulation tissue. Conclusion: Mast cells were detected in both cysts and periapical granuloma, located in the capsule and granulation tissue, respectively. Mast cells were more prevalent in periapical cysts than in periapical granuloma.
Highlights
Granulomas and periapical cysts are the most prevalent periapical lesions, and despite the considerable advances in dental research, the rate of failure in endodontic treatment with periapical injuries remains relatively high
Mast cells were detected in both cysts and periapical granuloma, located in the capsule and granulation tissue, respectively
Mast cells were more prevalent in periapical cysts than in periapical granuloma
Summary
Granulomas and periapical cysts are the most prevalent periapical lesions, and despite the considerable advances in dental research, the rate of failure in endodontic treatment with periapical injuries remains relatively high. The etiopathogenesis of inflammatory periapical injuries is linked to the colonization of microorganisms in the interior of the root canal system. These bacteria liberate intercellular mediators, humoral antibodies and effector molecules for periapical tissues[3]. Such pathological condition may destroy bone and may grow expansively as a consequence of the collapse of the extracellular matrix, leading to the accumulation of osmotic pressure in cystic fluid and/or perilesional bone resorption. The exact mechanism associated with this growth and expansion remains unclear, it is known that several types of cells, including mast cells, do play a role in such phenomena[4]
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