Abstract
The paper deals with an analysis of temperatures of ground masses in the proximities of linear and slinky-type HGHE (horizontal ground heat exchanger). It evaluates and compares the potentials of HGHEs and ambient air. The reason and aim of the verification was to gain knowledge of the temperature course of the monitored low-temperature heat pump energy sources during heating periods and periods of stagnation and to analyse the knowledge in terms of the potential to use those sources for heat pumps. The study was conducted in the years 2012–2015 during three heating periods and three periods of HGHEs stagnation. The results revealed that linear HGHE had the highest temperature potential of the observed low-temperature heat pump energy sources. The average daily temperatures of the ground mass surrounding the linear HGHE were the highest ranging from 7.08 °C to 9.20 °C during the heating periods, and having the lowest temperature variation range of 12.62–15.14 K, the relative frequency of the average daily temperatures of the ground mass being the highest at 22.64% in the temperature range containing the mode of all monitored temperatures in a recorded interval of [4.10, 6.00] °C. Ambient air had lower temperature potential than the monitored HGHEs.
Highlights
The effect of heat pumps, usually referred to as the heating factor, significantly influences the energy potential of the low-temperature source supplied to the evaporator
The trend of ground mass temperatures during heating periods and periods of stagnation of the horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHEs) can be expressed by an equation of free undamped oscillations of the mass point [23,24]
The results showed that the average daily ground mass temperatures in the proximity of the linear
Summary
The effect of heat pumps, usually referred to as the heating factor, significantly influences the energy potential of the low-temperature source supplied to the evaporator. It mainly affects the consumption of energy to drive the heat pump compressor. The main low-temperature energy sources of heat pumps include air, water, ground, and rock masses. The energy transferred from the air to the heat pump evaporator returns to the environment as thermal losses of the building. Thermal energy from ground masses in Europe is mainly exploited using horizontal ground heat exchangers (HGHEs) with different pipe configurations, most often linear or slinky-types, installed at depths of 1–2 m. A heat transfer fluid flows through both of the heat exchanger types, abstracting heat from the source prior to being fed to the heat pump evaporator [5,6]
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