Abstract
Two austenitic stainless steels, with low and medium stacking fault energies (SFE), 20 mJ/m2 and 30 mJ/m2 respectively, have been studied by conventional tensile tests and in situ tensile tests in a FEG-SEM equipped for EBSD. High angle boundaries (HAB) and low angle boundaries (LAB) with misorientations >= 10o and >= 2o respectively have been determined, and size distributions for the LABs have been derived by linear intercepts. It was found that the size distributions could be described by bimodal lognormal functions. For the steel with highest SFE plastic deformation took place by dislocation slip only while the steel with low SFE deformed by slip and twinning. Using a model for slip based on the evolution of the dislocation density with the generation of dislocations inversely proportional to the mean free distance of slip and recovery of dislocations proportional to the dislocation density the stress strain-curves were analyzed and the results compared with the measured quantities. The mean free distance of slip as evaluated from the stress-strain curve for the steel with the highest SFE correlates very well with the mean size of the LABs intercept. The rate of recovery also gave an expected stress dependence. The stress needed to start deformation twinning was based on the assumption that Shockley partials become completely separated in the slip plane. The thus calculated values for the twinning stress showed an excellent agreement with the observed start of twinning as given by EBSD evaluation of twin boundaries (TB). For the alloy with low SFE both surface grains (in situ test) and bulk grains (from interrupted conventional tests) were studied. The stress needed for slip and twinning of surface grains was, as expected, in the order of 0.5-0.6 times the applied stress.
Highlights
Models for the dependence of the flow stress on the dislocation density [1] coupled with models for the evolution of the dislocation density with plastic strain [2] are used to analyse the stressstrain curves of two Cr-Ni alloys with different stacking fault energies
In situ tensile tests in a FEG-SEM equipped with Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) as well as interrupted conventional tensile tests gave experimental information of the microstructure development which was correlated to the analysis of the stress-strain curves
For S20 tensile test samples interrupted at different strains have been studied using EBSD enabling a comparison of deformation structure development in surface versus bulk grains
Summary
Models for the dependence of the flow stress on the dislocation density [1] coupled with models for the evolution of the dislocation density with plastic strain [2] are used to analyse the stressstrain curves of two Cr-Ni alloys with different stacking fault energies. Cross-slip of dislocations has been treated as a thermally activated deformation process, and the model proposed by Friedel [3] and later elaborated by Escaig [4] is used. The onset of deformation twinning is taken from a model proposed by Han et al [5]. In situ tensile tests in a FEG-SEM equipped with EBSD as well as interrupted conventional tensile tests gave experimental information of the microstructure development which was correlated to the analysis of the stress-strain curves.
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