Abstract
ABSTRACT In Brazil there are six well-defined biomes and the Caatinga represents 9.92% of the total area. This biome is exclusively Brazilian and very rich in biodiversity. Because it has low resistance to human interference is necessary to know the important factors in monitoring the biome. Vegetation coverage and climate are two of these factors, as they indicate the intensity of human activity and the wear caused with time. Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) has been recently explored in the description of tree phenology. In this study we sought to associate NDVI/Landsat values to a climatic variable (phenomena El-Nino and La-Nina - NINONINA) in order to describe the phenological behavior of the Caatinga in the Parque Nacional da Serra das Capivaras in the state of Piaui/Brazil. A time series analysis was carried out, describing the intrinsic parameters of the series (Seasonality and Trends), the forecast of NDVI values using SARIMA model and co-integration between NDVI and NINONINA series. The results showed that the NDVI series presents seasonally, but does not exhibit a trend. The forecasting process presenting relatively low error at a 95% confidence interval. Finally, it was observed that the NDVI series is co-integrated with the NINONINA series.
Highlights
Brazil has an enormous land area, approximately 8,500,000 km2, where you can verify very diverse weather, soils and vegetation coverage
This study proposes a reliable approach for Caatinga phenology mapping in protection areas by means of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Climate time series
According to Fisher et al (2006), remote sensing phenological models have been produced at coarse scales, ranging from kilometers (MODIS and AVHRR sensors)
Summary
Brazil has an enormous land area, approximately 8,500,000 km, where you can verify very diverse weather, soils and vegetation coverage. There are six welldefined biomes in Brazil (% in area): Amazon (49,29%), Cerrado (23,92%), Atlantic Forest (13,04%), Caatinga (9,92%), Pampa (2,07%) and Pantanal (1,76%) (IBGE, 2016). The Caatinga is an exclusively Brazilian biome. The term Caatinga (Tupi-Guarani) means white forest. This name stems from the whitened landscape, characterized by the appearance of the tree trunks in the dry season due to the almost total loss of foliage. 10% of the national territory, occupied by the Caatinga, encompasses part of the states of Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Minas Gerais, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe
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